David Miller, Native Insects, Nature in New Zealand, Wellintton, A.H. & A. W. Reed, 1955, p. 59.

The curious larval habitations of Caddis-flies are easily found in streams; some make a gelatinous case (fig. 192), or a shelter of plants fragments, or live in hollowed twigs, or web together sand grains or small pebbles (fig. 193) which sometimes resemble small snail shells; the larvae drag these shelters about with them.