Cora H. Clarke, « Caddis-worms of Stony Brook », Psyche6, Cambridge, Cambridge Entomological Club, 1891, p. 153-158.

Caddis-Worms of Stony Brook

That part of Stony Broook in which I have made collections lies within the limits of the city of Boston. It is about eight feet wide, and its depth varies from two or twenty-four inches. In some places it flowsslowly, in others rapidly ; here the bottom is muddy, there pebbly. Fresh-water algae of several species, a great variety of other water plants, and many different animals are found in it ; among the animals are fresh-water sponges, Polyzia, planarians, mollusks, water insects of all kinds, and occasionally a fish, newt, or turtle. But the most interesting of all its inhabitants are the larvae of the Trichoptera or Caddis-worms. I have found in all about twenty distinct species, representing each of seven families.

Phryganeidae. Of this family I have found only one represntative, a species of Neuronia. Possibly it is Neuronia stygipes, but the only imago which which I have succeeded in rearing was imperfect. It emerged from the aquarium on April 5th. The larva has a yellow face striped with black, and is very restless and nervous in its movements, continually travelling about the aquarium, making sad havoc ammong its inhabitants, eating dragon-fly larvae as large as itself, other cadis worms, and indeed any insect which it can catch. It also devours raw beef with relish. The case of this larva (fig. 1) is made of quadrangular pieces of leaves, fastened together by their edges and arranged in rings rather than in the spirals which McLachlan tell us is characteristic of the genus. Three or four or sometimes more of theses rings, make the length of the case, which, when fullgrown, may be 35 mm. long. When the Neuronia larva is not satisfied with its case it bites off a ring at one end, replaces it with a freshly constructed ring, and then turns within the case, and does the same at the other end. If pushed out of its case, and deprived of it, it will make a new one in  a night. Sometimes this species is tolerably abundant, and again for several years, it is quite scarce.

Limnnophilidae. I have found five or six species of this family. The commonest of these is Hallesus maculipennis, the larvae of which are very

Cora H. Clarke, « Caddis-worms of Stony Brook », Psyche6, Cambridge, Cambridge Entomological Club, 1891, p. 153-158.