Henry William Herbert, Frank Forester’s fish and fishing of the United States and British provinces of North America, New York, W.A. Townsend, 1866.
It bites boldly and readily at small red worms, gentles, or the larvae of any of the Phryganea, know as caddis-baits, stick-baits, and the like, on the least Limerick hooks, number twelve ; and is constantly taken by boys with a worm alone tied to a fine string, which the little fish swallows so greedily that he is pulled out before he has time to disgorge it. Its foods consists of aquatic plants, small worms, and minute portions of any animal substances.