George K. Reid, Ecology of Inland  Waters and Estuaries, New York, D.Van Nostrand Company, 1961.

Many of the larvae build a variety of cases to protect themselves and the pupae developing caddisfly (Figure 12.12). These cases are usually in the form of elongate cones or cylinders constructed of cemented sand grains, sticks, leaves, and other materials, the type of case sometimes being characteristic of a particular family.